Rural Unemployment in India: Causes and Solutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51699/ajdes.v21i.571Keywords:
rural unemployment, economic, causes, solutions, goods, civilization, industrial, youthAbstract
Rural unemployment along with urban unemployment is termed as one among the serious problems in India, since it creates a ripple effect across the economy. Apart from the personal loss to individual and their family, it results in lower purchasing power (economically), consumption of goods and services will go down. These will lead to lower consumption of goods production. Lower production leads to lower contribution to revenue to country and it finally affect the economy of India. Unemployment wasn’t widespread in rural areas, since most people were engaged in agriculture which helped them earn a living. Despite droughts, people continue to pursue agriculture. But with the advancement of technology through industrial civilization, textile mills and others sort of factories began to grow in India during British era. Though it led to mass migration of people to rural areas, drought like conditions and lack of income from agriculture created huge unemployment among rural youth.
References
Papola, TS (1 May 2014). An assessment of labour statistics system in India (PDF). Country office New Delhi: International Labour Organization, United Nations. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
^ Abhishek Shaw (19 October 2013). "Employment Trends in India: An Overview of NSSO's 68th Round". Economic and Political Weekly. 48 (42): 23–25. JSTOR 23528568.
^ NYAY works against jobs, Mahesh Vyas, Business Standard (1 April 2019); for its methodology see Unemployment, CMIE, Mumbai (2019)
^ Vyas, Mahesh (2018). "Using Fast Frequency Household Survey Data to Estimate the Impact of Demonetisation on Employment". Review of Market Integration. PAGE Publications. 10 (3): 159–183. doi:10.1177/0974929218816586. S2CID 158873708.
^ The jobs data mystery: Understanding India's big crisis in a fraught poll season, The Economic Times (10 April 2019)
^ A Statistical Embarrassment, Surjit Bhalla, The Indian Express (April 13, 2019)
^ Indira Hirway (2002). "Employment and Unemployment Situation in 1990s: How Good Are NSS Data?". Economic and Political Weekly. 37 (21): 2027–2036.
^ Yoshifumi Usami; Vikas Rawal (2012). "Some Aspects of the Implementation of India's Employment Guarantee". Review of Agrarian Studies. 2 (2): 74–93.
^ World Employment Social Outlook 2018, ILO United Nations, Geneva, pages 5-7, 40-41, 56-58
^ NSSO survey faces an end, panel to opt for a more robust tool, The Economic Times (7 July 2017)
^ Govt to conduct annual job survey, labour bureau study not realistic: Panagariya, The Hindustan Times (6 June 2017)
^ Combating Youth Unemployment in India, Pravin Sinha (March 2013), Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Berlin, Germany
^ World Bank (2010), India’s Employment Challenge – Creating Jobs, Helping Workers, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-806351-3, page 3
^ World Bank (2010), India’s Employment Challenge – Creating Jobs, Helping Workers, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-806351-3, page 8
^ a World Bank (2010), India’s Employment Challenge – Creating Jobs, Helping Workers, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-806351-3, page 41-43
^ Raj Krishna (1973). "Unemployment in India". Economic and Political Weekly. 8 (9): 475–484. JSTOR 4362385.
^ K. P. Kannan and G. Raveendran (2009). "Growth Sans Employment: A Quarter Century of Jobless Growth in India's Organised Manufacturing". Economic and Political Weekly. 44 (10): 80–91. JSTOR 40278784.
^ Verma, Rubina (2012). "Structural Transformation and Jobless Growth in the Indian Economy". In Chetan Ghate (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Economy. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734580.013.0010.
^ Bhalotra, Sonia R. (1998). "The Puzzle of Jobless Growth in Indian Manufacturing". Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Wiley. 60 (1): 5–32. Doi:10.1111/1468-0084.00084.
^ Kambhampati, Uma S. (2002). "The software industry and development: the case of India". Progress in Development Studies. SAGE Publications. 2 (1): 23–45. Doi:10.1191/1464993402ps028ra. S2CID 154823616.
^ K. V. Ramaswamy (2015). Labour, Employment and Economic Growth: The Indian Experience. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–61, 71–76. ISBN 978-1-107-09680-6.
^ Mukherjee, Soumyatanu (2014). "Liberalisation and Jobless Growth in Developing Economy" (PDF). Journal of Economic Integration. Center for Economic Integration. 29 (3): 450–469. doi:10.11130/jei.2014.29.3.450.
^ A Sampling of Public Opinion in India: Optimism persists, but concerns about terrorism and Pakistan loom large, 2019 polls, Kat Devlin; Survey Results Kat Devlin and Courtney Johnson, Pew Research Center, Washington, DC (25 March 2019)
^ "India's unemployment rate hit four-decade high of 6.1% in 2017-18, says NSSO survey". Businesstoday.in. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
^ "By hiding unemployment data, the government will not help the economy - or itself". The Telegraph. Calcutta. 17 January 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
^ Unemployment in India: The real reason behind low employment numbers, Financial Express, Avik Sarkar (28 February 2019)
^ Madan Sabnavis (31 January 2019). "NSSO data confirms India's jobs crisis: Unemployment at 45-year high of 6.1 percent, way out is to make economy grow". Retrieved 31 January 2019.
^ Tandon, Rajguru. "India Needs 10 Million Jobs Per Annum Till 2030 To Counter Unemployment". BW Businessworld. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
^ "Jobs data not finalised: Government after NSSO 'Report'". The Economic Times. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
