Pharmaceutical Pricing at the Change of Millennia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51699/ajdes.v18i.528Keywords:
pharmaceutical pricing, pricing strategy, marketing literature review, new products customer valueAbstract
The pricing of Pharmaceuticals, like the pricing of many kinds of products, has traditionally been an uncertain endeavor. Regardless of the formation gathered and research and analysis conducted, one can never be sure that the price decided upon is the correct price . As we approach the millennium,may we expect the Specter of uncertainty to remain ,will and Aricl Durant, noted historian of the century, Advised, "if you want the present and the future to be different from the past ,Spinoza tell us, find out the cause that made it what it was and bring different causes to bear '' In business - specific terms ,Sticker admonishes," long range of planning does not deal with future decisions, but the future of the present decisions" Few firms in the pharmaceutical industry committed adequate resources to pricing matter. Although the lack of formal attention to pricing to pricing is not unique to the pharmaceutical industry, the lack of a purposeful and coordinated approach to pricing within most firms has, to great extent, brought about the pricing woes of the present pricing has been treated as an event, rather than a process, and each product has been priced in a different way, with pricing research and analysis approaches varying greatly from one product to the next.
References
Grabowski H, Vernon J, A sensitivity analysis of expected profitability of pharmaceutical research and development. Manage Dec Econ 1992 1993(1) 36 - 40.
Zelmo RN, Gagnon JP, The effect of price information on prescription drug product selection, Drug in tell clin pharm 1979,13 156- 9
Chukkapati R, Kolassa EM, Ogilvey S, Hay men- Taylor T, The 15 years trend in prices at launch for outpatient Prescription medications.
U.S Senate, Special Committee on Aging - Prescription drug prices: are we getting our money's worth ? Serial No 101F Washington D.C 1992
Pryor D.A prescription for high drug prices,HealthAff 1990,9 101-9.
Dranove D, Medicare drug formulary restrictions J low Econ.1989,23: 143-62
Current JP,strategic shift in pricing policies pharmacy Exec 1986,6 April:92-4
Boston consulting Group. The changing enviournment for U.S Pharmaceuticals New York.Boston consulting Group April 1993.
Graowski HG,Vernon JM,Brand loyalty,entry and prices competition in Pharmaceuticals ,after 1984 Drug Act.J law Econ.1992,23: 331- 50.
Bloom BS,Wierz DJ, Paul M.V cost and prices of compareable branded and generics pharmaceuticals JAMA 1986,256: 2523- 30.
IMS America ,National Prescription Audit, Oct - Dec 1994 Plymouth meeting PA,IMS America
Medispan inc, price check - PC, Dec 1994 Indianapolis, IN: Medispharm inc
Pathak DS, Klinger PA, Predictive, factor in bid purchasing of antibiotics, Top hospital pharm Manage 1981,1(1): 17- 28.
Taylor S, Kucukarslan S, Shcrrcu T, Evidence and response to the impact of the Medicaid Drug Rebate program ( OBRA) on hospital pharmacy: a progress report from central Ohio, Hosp Pharm 1991,26: 621- 5.
Palumbo FB, Schondelmeyer SW, Miller DW, Speedie SM, Battered Bottom lines, the impact of eroding pharmaceuticals, Discount on healthcare institutions Am J Hospital pharm 1992,49: 1177- 85.
Wilensky GR,Blumberg LJ,Neumann PJ,Chapter 4 Pharmaceutical and decision making in the united states: cost consciousness and the changing Locus of control ,In: van Eimeren W,Horisberger B,eds,Socioeconomic evaluation of drug therapy,Berlin New York Springer- Verlog 1988: 32-45.
Wettheimer Al, Grumer SK, overview of international pharmacy pricing, Pharmaco Economics 1992,2: 449-55.
Anon, European price control not sufficient to control drug spending without policies in place to control use FDC Rep- pink sheet 1994; (July4) : 7- 9.
Brown RE, Luce BR, The value of pharmaceutical; a study of selected condition to measure the contribution of pharmaceutical to health status, Washington DC: Battle Medical Technology and Policy Research Center, March 1990.
Anderson F, McMenamin P, international price comparison of pharmaceuticals- a review of methodological issues, London and Washington, DC, Battle Medical Technology and policy center( MEDTAP),1992.
U.S General Accounting Officer, Prescription drugs companies typically charge more in United States than in Canada. Report to the chairman, House subcommittee on Health and environment committee on Energy and commerce GAo/HRD- 920119 Washington DC, September 1992.
Soumerai SB, Ross - Degnan D, Experience of State drug benefit programs. HealthAff,1990,9; 36- 54.
Goodman JC, Dolan EG, Economics of Public policy St, Paul, MN: west publishing company,1985.
Kozma, CM, Reeder CE, Lingle EW, Expanding Medicaid drug formulary coverage: effects on utilization of related services, Med care 1990: 28: 963-76.
Rentzel TJ, The nature and consequences of policies intended to contain costs in outpatient drug insurance programs clinther 1993,15,752- 64.
Bloom BS, Jacob J, cost effects of restricting cost effective therapy, Med care 1985: 23: 872-80.
Hafner DL.cost effectiveness of restrictive drug formulary, Washington DC, National Pharmaceutical council 1980.
Moore WJ, Newman RJ ,US Medical Drug - Formularies do they work ? Pharmacoeconomics,1992: 1( suppl 1) : 28-31.
Smith MC, Simmons S,A study of the effect of formulary limitations in Medical Programs, Admin Policy J 1982: 2 169- 98.
Rucker TD, Morse ML. The Medicaid drug program in Louisiana: critique of the Hefner- Pracon study Am J Hospital pharmacy 1980: 37: 1350- 3.
Nelson AA, Reader CL, Dickson WM, the effect of a Medicaid drug co payment program on the utilization of prescription services, Medicare 1984; 22; 724- 36.
Soumerai SB, Avorn J , Ross- Degnan D,Gortmaker S, payment restrictions for prescription drugs under Medicaid: effect on therapy, cost, and equity N Engl J Med 1987: 317: 550-6